Oral cancer: An overview on the role of salivary biomarkers in diagnosis and follow-up

الملخص

Furthermore, the process of carcinogenesis is complicated and involves both genetics and phenotype. The accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that upset the normal balance between cell division and apoptosis is what propels the development of cancer. In the medical field, early cancer diagnosis is currently of the highest priority. Promising salivary biomarkers as a tool for early detection of oral cancer have been found by recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses in a number of original research studies. This review aimed to perform methodological and reporting quality evaluation, reevaluate the meta-analysis results, and use previously published meta-analyses to rank the biomarkers according to their diagnostic outcomes in oral cancer. Different scientific databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, National Institutes of Health (NIH), PubMed, and Web of Science were used to view the systematic review articles and meta-analysis conducted on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). It was only suggested twenty years ago to employ saliva analysis as a diagnostic tool for systemic disorders, but due to its revolutionary potential as a liquid biopsy, there has been a recent rise in interest in this sector. It is possible to use salivary biomarkers such as metabolites, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, peptides, transforming enzyme activity, and antibodies. Salivary indicators can therefore be helpful for the detection, tracking, and even prognosis of all oral malignancies.